The hottest new nuclear power plants in China and

In the next 10 years, China and the United States will account for half of the world's new nuclear power plants

according to the agreement between the government of the people's Republic of China and the government of the United States of America on scientific and technological cooperation signed by China and the United States on January 31, 1979, the two countries signed the protocol on nuclear safety cooperation between the national science and Technology Commission of the people's Republic of China and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission of the United States of America in Washington on October 17, 1981. Subsequently, under the framework of Sino US scientific and technological cooperation, the two sides amended and renewed the Sino US nuclear security cooperation protocol in 1986, 1993, 1998 and 2004 respectively

with the opening of the US nuclear security cooperation forum in Beijing this year, the nuclear security cooperation between the two countries has once again become the focus of world attention. To this end, Li Ganjie, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration and director of the state nuclear safety administration, accepted an exclusive interview with this newspaper

to develop nuclear energy, safety must be guaranteed (focus today)

-- Li Ganjie, director of China's national nuclear safety administration, talks about China US nuclear safety cooperation

China and the United States will account for half of the world's new nuclear power plants in the next 10 years

: as major nuclear power countries, China and the United States play an important role in global nuclear safety affairs. The two countries have gone through more than 20 years from signing to amending and renewing the protocol on nuclear security cooperation between China and the United States. What is your comment on this

Li Ganjie: over the years, China and the United States have continued to strengthen and deepen the cooperation in nuclear energy, which is in line with the long-term interests of complementary advantages and mutual benefit

it is estimated that in the next 10 years, the number of new nuclear power plants in China and the United States will account for more than half of the world's new nuclear power plants. Through mutual support and sharing the experience and achievements of nuclear safety supervision, China and the United States can not only work together to promote the successful construction and safe operation of AP1000 nuclear power units in China and promote the process of nuclear power autonomy in China, but also make positive contributions to jointly maintaining and improving the global level of nuclear safety, promoting the development of nuclear power in the world, solving global energy problems and coping with global climate change. Therefore, strengthening bilateral nuclear safety cooperation will play an important role in the nuclear safety of the two countries and the world

: at the previous forum, you met with Dr. Dale Klein, chairman of the American Nuclear Regulatory Commission. How will his visit promote China US nuclear cooperation

Li Ganjie: Dr. Dale Klein said that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission of the United States has carefully reviewed AP1000 in the past few years and issued the final design license of AP1000. For the AP1000 nuclear power units built in China, the National Nuclear Safety Administration of China will conduct an independent safety review, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission of the United States will provide timely technical support and advice, and share nuclear safety review experience

the United States is one of the world's nuclear developed countries. Compared with other countries, the United States has many mature experiences in nuclear safety supervision, review, law enforcement and emergency preparedness, which are worthy of our study and reference

introduce American AP1000 nuclear power technology to jointly build four units

: at present, what important achievements have been made in China US nuclear cooperation

Li Ganjie: the cooperation between China and the United States is multifaceted, including the exchange of nuclear safety information of common interest, the exchange of nuclear safety experts, delegations and scientific and technological personnel to each other for lectures and inspections, and the Chinese side sends officials to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for job training

according to the unified arrangement of the national nuclear power construction, the bidding document for the third generation technology bidding of the national nuclear power autonomous support project was issued on September 2, 2004, and the bid was received on February 28, 2005. After two years of bidding negotiations, Westinghouse won the bid. On December 16, 2006, China and the United States officially signed a memorandum of understanding on the cooperation in the construction of advanced pressurized water reactor nuclear power projects and related technology transfer in China, confirming that China will introduce American AP1000 nuclear power technology and build four AP1000 nuclear power units in Sanmen, Zhejiang Province, and Haiyang, Shandong Province, China

according to the agreement reached by both parties, in the next stage, China and the United States will carry out various forms of specific cooperation on nuclear safety review and supervision in the site selection, design, manufacturing, construction, commissioning and operation stages of AP1000 units around the construction of AP1000 nuclear power technology introduction and support projects. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission of the United States will provide comprehensive support and assistance for the nuclear safety supervision laws, regulations, specifications, final standards and technical documents of the AP1000 project, the use of nuclear safety review software, and the manufacturing supervision of important nuclear safety equipment, and provide nuclear safety review consulting and personnel training for the National Nuclear Safety Administration of China and its technical support units

: in what aspects is AP1000 nuclear power technology more advanced? What are the characteristics

Li Ganjie: AP1000 nuclear power technology belongs to the third generation nuclear power technology. It is one of the safe and technologically advanced commercial nuclear power technologies in the global nuclear power market, and has great market promotion potential

in addition, measures such as full digital I & C system and double-layer containment are adopted in the design. The safety margin and core melting probability have made great progress in the technology of nuclear power plants, and the safety of units has been greatly improved compared with the current second-generation pressurized water market foam pressure cooker forcibly covered by the government

the two plant sites have "four supplies and one leveling". Construction will start in March next year

: who will lead the Sino US nuclear power technology cooperation project? How is the project progressing

Li Ganjie: on May 22, 2007, China National Nuclear Power Technology Corporation was established. As the main carrier and research and development platform for the introduction, engineering construction and autonomous development of the third generation nuclear power technology, without transferring the foreign party, the National Nuclear Power Technology Corporation organized the foreign party, the project owner Sanmen Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. and Shandong Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. to establish a joint project management organization, which is responsible for the engineering design, equipment procurement and engineering construction of the nuclear island and its interface of the nuclear power autonomous support project

on July 24, 2007, China National Nuclear Power Technology Co., Ltd. and the Westinghouse consortium signed the AP1000 nuclear power technology transfer and nuclear island equipment procurement contract in Beijing. At present, two AP1000 construction projects, Zhejiang Sanmen and Shandong Haiyang, have been implemented

Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant is located in Jiantiao Town, Sanmen County, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, on the maotoushan peninsula on the coast of the East China Sea. Haiyang nuclear power plant is located in yuanlengjiazhuang and dongjiazhuang, Liugezhuang Town, Haiyang City, Yantai City, Shandong Province, and is located at the eastern end of the Cape surrounded by the sea on three sides. At present, the "four supplies and one leveling" work at the two plant sites has been completed, and the preparations before the construction are being carried out in an orderly manner. According to the project plan, Zhejiang Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 will start pouring the first tank of concrete in March 2009 and officially put into commercial operation at the end of 2013

China's existing 11 nuclear power units have been operating safely

: what is the safety status of China's nuclear power plants

Li Ganjie: at present, the nuclear power plants in operation or to be built in China adopt internationally mature designs after the 1980s

under the strict supervision of the national nuclear safety administration, 11 nuclear power units in Zhejiang Qinshan nuclear power base, Guangdong Daya Bay/Ling'ao Nuclear Power Plant and Jiangsu Tianwan nuclear power plant have maintained safe and normal operation for many years, and no radioactive events endangering public and environmental safety have occurred

the annual monitoring indicators of the nuclear power plant show that the integrity of the three safety barriers is in good condition; The annual discharge of radioactive waste gas and liquid waste is far lower than the national discharge standard, and the annual production of radioactive solid waste is lower than the design standard. The long-term tracking and monitoring data of the monitoring stations near the nuclear power plant show that the environmental radioactivity level around the nuclear power base has not changed compared with the background data before operation, and the number of marine biological populations in the inland area of the region has not changed

developing nuclear power is a strategic choice to adjust the energy structure and reduce pollution

: what is the role of developing nuclear power in reducing pollution and protecting the environment in China

Li Ganjie: at present, China has a serious energy shortage, and the main power supply depends on thermal power. Despite the adoption of desulfurization and other environmental protection measures, the total emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides is still huge. In addition, the domestic hydropower resources that can be developed are limited, and the cost of renewable energy and other new energy is high and difficult, but at the current stage, it is obvious that it still faces many challenges to form a scale, and the environmental situation is very serious

internationally, although China, as a developing country, does not undertake the obligation of quantitative emission reduction, with the sustained and high-speed development of China's economy, greenhouse gas emissions are increasing, facing increasing international pressure, and we must formulate appropriate countermeasures

in this situation, the development of nuclear power is of great strategic significance for regulating the energy structure, reducing environmental pollution, and realizing the coordinated development of economy and ecological environment. For example, compared with coal-fired power stations of the same scale, a million kilowatt nuclear power unit consumes about 3million tons of raw coal each year, and reduces the emissions of carbon dioxide to the environment by about 6.75 million tons, sulfur dioxide by about 25000 tons, nitrogen oxides by about 15000 tons, dust by about 1600 tons, and coal ash by about 300000 tons

strict examination and supervision to ensure the safety of nuclear power

: nuclear power safety is of great importance to the protection of the environment and people's life and health. What measures have we taken to ensure the safety of nuclear power construction

Li Ganjie: all nuclear power construction projects in China are approved by the State Council. Before the nuclear power construction project is submitted to the State Council for approval, the construction unit must first obtain the approval of the relevant government departments, including the review opinions on the site selection of nuclear power plants issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration and the state nuclear safety administration and the approval of the environmental impact report of nuclear power plants at the site selection stage

the nuclear safety regulations and standards on which the National Nuclear Safety Administration now implements the strict phased safety licensing system for nuclear power plants (including site approval, construction license, first loading approval, operation license, decommissioning approval), whole process on-site supervision and environmental monitoring have been fully in line with the international advanced level

the State Environmental Protection Administration (state nuclear safety administration) will organize professional review teams to conduct strict review before the approval of the site of nuclear power construction projects and all safety permits, strictly check in accordance with the "Environmental Assessment Law", "safety regulations for nuclear power plant site selection" and its guidelines as well as relevant national standards, and organize the nuclear safety and environment expert committee to carefully review and consult

at the same time, the State Environmental Protection Administration (state nuclear safety administration) has always attached importance to information disclosure and listening to public opinions. According to the "Interim Measures for public participation in environmental impact assessment", public participation is divided into two stages, the first stage